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The Indicator from Planet Money

Saudi’s LIV golf exit is just the start

May 28, 2026

AI Summary

5 min read

Saudi’s LIV golf exit is just the start

Saudi Arabia once had grandiose plans: a city encased in glass, millions of dollars for the Metropolitan Opera, a $55 billion bid for video game company Electronic Arts, and $5 billion spent on an international golf league called LIV Golf. These projects were meant to diversify the Saudi economy beyond oil, but they were also about soft power, reputation laundering, and raising the country's cultural profile. Now, with the war in Iran adding economic pressure, the Saudis are pulling back. The LIV Golf experiment—once a symbol of Saudi ambition—is unraveling, and it may be a sign of broader retreat from splashy international investments.

The golf diplomacy playbook

In 2016, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman unveiled Vision 2030, a plan to broaden the Saudi economy. The government would tap its massive sovereign wealth fund, the Public Investment Fund, using hundreds of billions of dollars on projects inside and outside the country. Golf was part of this vision.

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What you'll learn

  • 1 (00:00) **The Grand Saudi Vision** - Saudi Arabia's plan to diversify its economy beyond oil through massive investments in sports, culture, and real estate
  • 2 (01:06) **Geopolitics Meets Golf** - How the war in Iran and shifting priorities are forcing Saudi Arabia to pull back from its splashy cultural investments
  • 3 (02:16) **Vision 2030 and the Public Investment Fund** - Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's 2016 plan to diversify the economy by tapping the sovereign wealth fund
  • 4 (02:38) **The Golf-Industrial Complex** - Alan Shipnuck, author of "LIV and Let Die," explains how money has come to dominate professional golf
  • 5 (03:57) **The PGA Tour's Monopoly** - Before LIV, the PGA Tour held an effective monopoly on professional men's golf
  • 6 (04:25) **The Khashoggi Backdrop** - Saudi Arabia hosted its first international golf tournament in 2019, months after the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
  • 7 (05:15) **LIV Golf's Lavish Spending** - LIV offered massive signing bonuses to recruit stars like Phil Mickelson and Dustin Johnson away from the PGA Tour

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Show Notes

Is Saudi Arabia no longer a golf state? The Saudi sovereign wealth fund poured billions into culture and sports in the last decade, none more high profile than LIV Golf, a rival to the PGA. So why is it reversing course now?

Fact checking by Vito Emanuel. 

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