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What the world's leading researchers think about saunas

October 19, 2026

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5 min read

What the world's leading researchers think about saunas

Inside a wooden sauna floating on a dock in Oslo harbor, NPR health reporter Will Stone watched steam collect and hot air push to the ceiling. Essential oils wafted. The stove creaked as hot rocks gathered heat. Then came the whoosh of steam as someone threw water on top. People have used heat for physical and mental well-being since ancient times—steam baths, saunas, geothermal hot tubs. Today, sauna is making a big comeback, with social sauna meetups in Europe and the US, and the practice promoted widely in the wellness and longevity movement. Instagram is rife with claims that sauna can be a kind of miracle detox. But what do we actually know?

The problem with the evidence

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What you'll learn

  • 1 (00:27) **Setting the Scene: A Floating Sauna in Oslo** - Will Stone describes the sensory experience of a wooden sauna floating on a dock in Oslo harbor, setting up the episode's exploration of heat therapy.
  • 2 (04:43) **The State of the Science: An Infant Field** - Clinical psychologist Ashley Mason explains that heat therapy research is disorganized and lacks standards.
  • 3 (07:05) **Building Consensus: The Wonky Work of Standardization** - Researchers are trying to pin down definitions and measurement standards for heat therapy studies.
  • 4 (08:14) **What We Know: The Body's Acute Response to Heat** - Scientists have a good understanding of how the body tolerates extreme heat, thanks to centuries of thermal physiology research.
  • 5 (09:59) **The Big Question: Does Regular Heat Exposure Prevent Disease?** - The evidence that regular sauna use provides measurable health benefits is still weak and needs more work.
  • 6 (10:13) **The Exercise Mimetic Hypothesis** - Heat stresses the cardiovascular system in ways similar to light exercise.
  • 7 (11:49) **The Best Evidence So Far: A Randomized Controlled Trial** - Researcher Eric Lee (Montreal Heart Institute) ran one of the only randomized controlled trials on sauna bathing.

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Show Notes

Saunas have gone from a Scandinavian tradition to a global wellness phenomenon. But how long should a person endure heat? Do saunas actually work? And if so, what are their benefits? NPR health reporter Will Stone goes as deep as the science will let him to explore the sauna hype waves and find out what happens to our bodies when we step in them.

Interested in more about thermal physiology? Email us your question at [email protected].

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