Literature and History
Literature and History

Medea and the Argonauts (Apollonius' Jason and the Argonauts)

April 4, 2017

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5 min read

Medea and the Argonauts (Apollonius' Jason and the Argonauts)

The sorceress Medea is introduced to the Argo's crew when Eros shoots her with an arrow as she gazes at Jason in her father's palace. From that moment, she becomes the most powerful figure in the epic—more decisive, more capable, and more terrifying than the nominal hero she has fallen in love with. Apollonius of Rhodes, writing in Alexandria in the mid-200s BCE, created in Medea a character who oscillates between helpless maiden and hellish avenger, and in doing so produced one of the first psychologically realistic female protagonists in Western literature.

The Love Plot and the Dragon's Teeth

Book three of the Argonautica centers on Medea's internal struggle. King Aeëtes of Colchis has given Jason an impossible task: yoke fire-breathing bronze-hoofed oxen, plow a field, sow dragon's teeth, and then fight the armed warriors that spring from the furrows. Jason is paralyzed. "He sat a long time wondering what to do," Apollonius writes, "but there was no way to accept the labor with confidence."

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What you'll learn

  • 1 (00:41) **Medea Takes Center Stage** - Introduction to the episode's focus: Books 3 and 4 of Apollonius' *Jason and the Argonauts*, dominated by the sorceress Medea, who becomes the epic's true hero.
  • 2 (05:41) **The Main Idea: Medea as a Unique Literary Creation** - Medea is unlike any female character in ancient literature, combining a dark priestess and a virginal maiden, a killer and a damsel in distress.
  • 3 (07:47) **The Divine Conspiracy Begins** - Goddesses Athena and Hera plot to help Jason by enlisting Aphrodite's son Eros to make Medea fall in love with him.
  • 4 (11:17) **Jason's Diplomatic Mission and First Sight of Medea** - Jason and a few Argonauts enter the city of Aeëtes, passing a gruesome field of corpses, and meet the royal family, where Jason and Medea first lay eyes on each other.
  • 5 (15:48) **The Impossible Task** - King Aeëtes sets Jason a deadly challenge: plow a field with fire-breathing brass-footed oxen, sow dragon's teeth, and fight the armed warriors that spring up.
  • 6 (20:24) **Recruiting the Sorceress** - Argus, Medea's nephew and a new Argonaut, proposes enlisting Medea's magical help, and despite some misogynistic grumbling, the crew agrees.
  • 7 (22:57) **Medea's Internal Struggle** - Medea agonizes over her love for Jason, torn between her passion and the betrayal of her family and kingdom, ultimately deciding to help him.

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